Hydroelectric Power: Facts about Hydroelectric Energy

Before getting down to the hydroelectric power facts, let's understand a little theory. Hydroelectricity is electrical energy which is generated from hydro-power, also known as hydraulic power or water power. Hydro power is the energy that is produced by the force of water moving at a very great speed.

When such hydraulic energy is harnessed, it can be used for a wide variety of purposes like irrigation, generation of electricity, power heavy machinery like watermills, sawmills, textile machines, domestic lifts, dock cranes, etc.

Sometimes, an ingenious method called Trompe is used to generate compressed air from rapidly falling water sources to be used as a source of energy to power machinery and mechanical units that are situated at a distance from the water source. Hydroelectric energy is the electrical energy that is derived from the gravitational impact of flowing.

Let's take a brief look at the three most common ways of generating hydroelectricity before proceeding towards hydroelectric energy facts.

There are four basic ways by which hydroelectricity is generated from water. They are:-

This method extracts the potential energy of water collected in dams. Water turbines and generators are driven to extract such energy. The amount of power extracted depends upon the volume of water as well as upon the difference between the height of the water source and the water outflow. Such difference in height is known as head and the potential energy of the water is directly proportional to the head.

Under this method, electricity is generated by moving water between reservoirs located at different heights. This method is useful for supplying electricity on occasions of high peak demands. When the demand is high, water is released from a higher to a lower reservoir by running a turbine and in times of low demand, water from lower reservoirs are pumped up into higher reservoirs.

As opposed to pumped storage, run-of-the-river electricity stations are not designed to store water and they have a much smaller reservoir capacity than pumped storage stations. The rest of the mechanism, using elevation and drop of water sources, is similar to pumped storage.

Power plants generating tidal power harness the energy generated by daily rise and fall of water due to the tidal phenomenon.

It's time, now, to look at some very interesting hydroelectricity facts. These hydroelectric energy facts give the world hope in terms of power generation when the more conventional power source of fossil fuels is facing rapid depletion.

• Hydroelectricity was generated for the first time in the year 1882. The world's first hydroelectricity station was situated in Wisconsin. This power station used water from the Fox River to generate electricity.

• One of the most interesting facts is that China is the generator of the largest amount of hydroelectricity, more than any other country in the world! China has also built hydro power stations in many other countries.

• One very encouraging hydroelectricity fact is that many countries around the world use hydroelectricity on a daily basis. Prominent among them are Brazil, Russia, Canada, Tanzania, North Korea, Iceland and New Zealand.

• The US uses hydraulic power sources to generate electricity more than other renewable sources of electricity. That means, hydro-power is a more popular source of energy than renewable resources examples like solar and wind power in the US.

• Another one among the interesting hydroelectric energy facts is that hydroelectric power stations can successfully function for a very long time. A large number of Canadian hydro-power stations bear testimony to this fact as they have been functioning without a hitch for more than fifty years now!

• Most state-of-the-art hydro power stations are capable of recovering their set up cost within eight years of starting their operations.

As much rosy as the concept of hydroelectricity appears, it is not devoid of its quota of thorns! Both hydroelectricity pros and cons make sure that this issue does not lose its share of objective consideration and environmental concern. Let us take a brief look at the various hydroelectric energy advantages and disadvantages before we wrap up this session.

• Power source is not subject to depletion, unlike fossil fuels
• Low cost of operations
• Power generation is instantaneous
• Non-polluting as there is no burning of fuel or any other toxic waste discharge involved in generating electricity from running water

• Large reservoir needed calling for large area requirement and huge scale of construction
• Construction of such reservoirs or dams may sometimes prove detrimental to surrounding environment in the form of causing water shortage.

• If hit by drought, hydro-power stations can literally go dry!
• Turbines of hydro-power constructions can pose a danger to aquatic lifeforms and dams pose an obstacle to the movement of fish.

That was a precise coverage of hydroelectric power facts. Like any other subject involving huge amounts of resources and environmental considerations, the issue of hydroelectricity generation is not devoid of certain lacunae. However, the benefits derived from such renewable energy far override the potential detrimental concerns surrounding it.